publishing a part of the interview the historian Cesare Santi included in the volume "Memories in migrants " (see previous posts).
In the collective imagination of Italians in Switzerland appears to be a country that, for better or for worse, has accepted a large number of immigrants, our countrymen, that there were able to find a better life for themselves and their loved ones. In fact, Switzerland, which has a mostly mountainous territory, was also a land stepmother and has seen many of its inhabitants to leave for other sites in search of fortune. The phenomenon migration that has involved the so-called Italian-speaking Switzerland, or the ethnic and linguistic area which includes the Canton of Ticino and the canton of Grisons, has been particularly strong among the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. In the interview Saints following Caesar [1] attention has been paid only on migration that have covered the Moesano, or the area of \u200b\u200bcanton of Grisons, which includes two valleys: Mesolcina and gullies.
Mr Santi, I can describe, in summary, the phenomenon of which concerned the people of Moesano?
The migration that has affected the valleys of the Calanca and Mesolcina is common to all the valleys of the Alps, where it is documented as early as the fifteenth century, but existed before, as is apparent from some manuscripts of the fourteenth century. The necessity of migration was determined by the specificity of the alpine terrain, which makes it impossible with crops, or with the livestock and even the proceeds of hunting and fishing, to keep the whole population. In order to obtain support for goods not locally produced - as the precious salt, rice wine and the Wheat and more - was necessary to have the cash that could be procured only by remittances from emigrants ...
You has had the opportunity to support the emigration of Moesano has always been - as documented in the archives - very strong, and which can be divided into zones of occupation practiced in emigration abroad, and in villages of origin of migrants ...
Yes, in summary, as regards the areas of migration, we can say that from 1400 until the end of 1700, migration was directed in Italy, with particular reference to the city of Rome and the area of \u200b\u200bLombardy-Venetia and to southern Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There has, then, migration to France, Belgium and Holland at least since the sixteenth to the twentieth century, with branches migratory children who are pushed even further, as far as Russia and Portugal.
In the collective imagination of Italians in Switzerland appears to be a country that, for better or for worse, has accepted a large number of immigrants, our countrymen, that there were able to find a better life for themselves and their loved ones. In fact, Switzerland, which has a mostly mountainous territory, was also a land stepmother and has seen many of its inhabitants to leave for other sites in search of fortune. The phenomenon migration that has involved the so-called Italian-speaking Switzerland, or the ethnic and linguistic area which includes the Canton of Ticino and the canton of Grisons, has been particularly strong among the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries. In the interview Saints following Caesar [1] attention has been paid only on migration that have covered the Moesano, or the area of \u200b\u200bcanton of Grisons, which includes two valleys: Mesolcina and gullies.
Mr Santi, I can describe, in summary, the phenomenon of which concerned the people of Moesano?
The migration that has affected the valleys of the Calanca and Mesolcina is common to all the valleys of the Alps, where it is documented as early as the fifteenth century, but existed before, as is apparent from some manuscripts of the fourteenth century. The necessity of migration was determined by the specificity of the alpine terrain, which makes it impossible with crops, or with the livestock and even the proceeds of hunting and fishing, to keep the whole population. In order to obtain support for goods not locally produced - as the precious salt, rice wine and the Wheat and more - was necessary to have the cash that could be procured only by remittances from emigrants ...
You has had the opportunity to support the emigration of Moesano has always been - as documented in the archives - very strong, and which can be divided into zones of occupation practiced in emigration abroad, and in villages of origin of migrants ...
Yes, in summary, as regards the areas of migration, we can say that from 1400 until the end of 1700, migration was directed in Italy, with particular reference to the city of Rome and the area of \u200b\u200bLombardy-Venetia and to southern Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There has, then, migration to France, Belgium and Holland at least since the sixteenth to the twentieth century, with branches migratory children who are pushed even further, as far as Russia and Portugal.
And what about the occupation practiced by immigrants?
We had builders - that builders, architects, plasterers, sculptors and painters - especially in Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, where Mesolcinesi introduced the Baroque, Roman models learned by Bernini and others, then adjusted to Teutonic taste. Other immigrants who worked as chimney sweeps in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Germany, while others, such as glass walking across Europe, there have been, since the seventeenth century and especially in Germany and Rome, the shopkeepers, the late eighteenth century in France, especially Paris, and Belgium, many have worked as painters. A particularly interesting phenomenon of migration is concerned that collectors and sellers of pine resin or pitch, especially in the forests of the Tyrol and Southern Germany from the late fifteenth century until the early twentieth century. The migration also involved shoemakers and manufacturers of soap.
Switzerland, however, is also known for mercenaries, professional soldiers who fought in the armies of half of Europe ...
course, and this has also affected the official Moesano with mercenaries in the service of foreign powers such as Venice Republic of Venice, France, Spain, Holland, Prussia and the Papal States at least since the early seventeenth century to mid-nineteenth century. However, not only migrated for work: students, academics and clerics have stayed for long periods, sometimes determined on a Ultimately, in Italy and Germany.
Before we mentioned to a division made for the villages of origin ...
Yes, this division covers two main categories: manufacturers and chimney sweeps. While the former, the vast majority came from the Lower Mesolcina, especially from the villages of San Vittore and Roveredo, chimney-sweeps were largely originating in the High Mesolcina, where there are villages like Soazza and Mesocco. The binder resin only by emigrating Calanca. The glassmakers and painters, however, came from all the villages of Moesano; retailers largely by Mesocco, Soazza, Lostallo, Grono, Roveredo, San Vittore and Santa Maria / Castaneda gullies, and some even from other villages. Officers mercenaries by the families of notables of the region and also students, academics and clerics from the most important families in the area.
was only the economic problems underlying the different migration examined by you? In
preponderance had financial difficulties, to which was added the concept that you had acquired, if possible, the most educated abroad and learn professions at the time of wellness. E 'known to historians that most education in the last century there was in lowland regions - where mas landowners and the people worked as sharecroppers - but there was Instead enclave in regions of the Alpine valleys, where everyone, albeit small, was the owner of something like a lawn, a field, a barn or a farm or a house. In the plain, however, the farmer was basically a servant to serve the landowner. The more we descend towards the plain, the most illiterate people are found. And the reading and writing was well known to our immigrants: for them it was an advantage over other immigrants in the same profession from other areas, but illiterate. [...]
[1] Saints Caesar (1939) originates in Val Soazza Mesolcina, he worked for 40 years in the Swiss customs. Since 1958, deals in Leisure and historical archival research on primary way in its region of origin, namely the two Mesolcina valleys and gullies. Since 1971 he has published regularly in magazines, newspapers, almanacs, and even in individual books, over 1300 titles of articles on the history of those regions. In 1984 the government gave the Grisons Chur award for cultural recognition, but in 2004 as the first Italian-speaking Grisons, Grisons received the literary prize.
The photos included were kindly provided by Prof. . Louis Corfu ( Stock Marca , Mesocco), and show:
1. San Vittore and Roveredo (the villages from which most of the magistri game between the second half of the 500 and early 700).
2. The Church of Holy Sunday of gullies and what is the most common way to build "mesolcinesi" (John Broggio Roveredo performed the stucco and the word you see in the picture, in the side chapel dedicated to St. Peter, the same church in the year 1678).
3. Soazza with Mesocco, is the country of reference of the majority of Rauchfangkehrer, that the present fire-chimney sweeps to Vienna and the Empire Habsburg Empire.
4. the village of Drenola.
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